| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2021 | Volume
: 9
| Issue : 3 | Page : 271-275 |
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Transient myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following influenza A infection: A rare case
Prashant Nasa1, Mohamed Mortada2, Aanchal Singh1, Vickrant Malhotra3, Habib Syed1
1 Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2 Neurosciences, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
3 Radiology NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Correspondence Address:
Prashant Nasa
NMC Specialty Hospital, Al Qusais, Dubai
United Arab Emirates
 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_791_20 
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon disease generally with a preceding history of infectious illness. Here, we report a rare case of ADEM following influenza A infection with transient detection of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody in a young male patient who presented with extensive demyelination of brain and spinal cord, likely the result of dysregulated immune response from previous influenza A infection. The patient presented to the emergency with urinary retention and progressive ascending weakness of lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord showed multiple ill-defined hyperintensities, suggestive of demyelination. The clinical presentation, MRI findings, cerebrospinal fluid examination, negative anti-aquaporin-4 antibody and metabolic and other viral infectious screening supported the diagnosis of ADEM. The patient had transiently positive anti-MOG antibodies (for 3 months) and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin followed by oral prednisolone for 3 months. There was a significant recovery in the upper limb weakness and brainstem function. This case highlights the association of anti-MOG antibody with ADEM following viral infections and the need for prolonged follow-up to differentiate between transient antibodies from relapsing MOG antibody disease.
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